An emergency ditch bag (also known as a grab bag, abandon ship bag, or go-bag) is a crucial piece of safety equipment for any vessel venturing out to sea. It’s a waterproof and buoyant bag packed with essential survival gear that can be quickly grabbed if you need to abandon ship or face another critical emergency.
Here’s a breakdown of what an emergency ditch bag at sea is all about:
Purpose:
The primary purpose of a ditch bag is to provide you and your crew with the necessary tools and supplies to:
- Signal for help: To attract the attention of potential rescuers.
- Stay afloat: If you end up in the water.
- Stay alive: By providing basic sustenance, warmth, and first aid until rescue arrives.
- Navigate (if possible): To maintain or communicate your position.
Key Characteristics of a Good Ditch Bag:
- Waterproof: The bag itself must be completely waterproof to protect the contents from water damage. Dry bags or sturdy, sealable waterproof containers are ideal.
- Buoyant: The bag should ideally float, even when fully packed. Some purpose-built ditch bags are designed with flotation.
- Brightly Colored: High-visibility colors like yellow, orange, or red make it easier to spot on the water. Reflective strips can also enhance nighttime visibility.
- Sturdy and Durable: Able to withstand the harsh marine environment and potential rough handling.
- Easy to Carry: Should have a comfortable shoulder strap and handles for quick and easy transport.
- Tether: Some bags have a tether that can be attached to a life raft or person to prevent loss.
Essential Contents of an Emergency Ditch Bag at Sea:
The specific contents may vary depending on the size of your boat, the duration and location of your voyage, and the number of people on board. However, here’s a comprehensive list of commonly recommended items:
Signaling & Communication:
- EPIRB (Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon): Your most critical signaling device, transmits your location to search and rescue authorities via satellite.
- PLB (Personal Locator Beacon): A smaller, personal version of an EPIRB, ideal for individual crew members or inclusion in a life raft.
- Handheld Waterproof VHF Radio: For communicating with nearby vessels and emergency services. Ensure it’s programmed with your MMSI and has spare batteries.
- Flares: A selection of red handheld flares, red parachute flares, and orange smoke signals (for daytime use). Check expiration dates! Electric flares are a safer, longer-lasting alternative in some regions for nighttime use, when paired with an orange distress flag for daytime.
- Signal Mirror: For reflecting sunlight to attract attention.
- Whistle: A loud, non-corroding whistle. Many life jackets have one attached.
- Waterproof Flashlight with Extra Batteries: Preferably with a strobe function.
- Laser Signaling Device (Optional): Can be effective for attracting attention over longer distances, especially at night.
- Sea Dye Marker (Optional): A fluorescent dye that spreads on the water to increase visibility for aircraft.
Survival & Sustenance:
- Emergency Food Rations: High-calorie, non-perishable food bars.
- Emergency Drinking Water: Individually sealed pouches or a small, manual watermaker or purification tablets/straw.
- Thermal Blankets (Space Blankets): To prevent hypothermia and provide some shade.
- Foul-weather Gear (Lightweight, Packable): To protect against wind and rain.
- Hat and Gloves: For protection against the elements.
- Sunscreen and Lip Balm: To prevent sunburn.
- Seasickness Medication: If anyone on board is prone to motion sickness.
Medical & First Aid:
- Waterproof First Aid Kit: A comprehensive kit with supplies to treat common injuries. Include any personal prescription medications in a waterproof container.
- Survival Knife or Multi-tool: For cutting lines, opening packages, etc.
- Basic Sanitation Items: Toilet paper in a waterproof bag, hand sanitizer.
Navigation:
- Handheld GPS: A backup to your boat’s main GPS.
- Compass (Waterproof): For basic navigation if electronic systems fail.
- Nautical Charts (Relevant to your cruising area, Waterproofed): As a backup to electronic charts.
- Pencil and Waterproof Paper/Notepad: For making notes or calculations.
Miscellaneous:
- Repair Kit: For inflatable life rafts or dinghies (patch kit, sealant).
- Duct Tape and Strong Cordage (Paracord): For various repairs and uses.
- Trash Bags: Can be used for waterproofing, collecting rainwater, or as signaling devices (bright colors).
- Cash and Identification (Waterproofed): In case you are rescued and need immediate funds or proof of identity.
- Copies of Important Documents (Waterproofed): Ship’s papers, insurance information, crew lists, etc.
- Instruction Manuals (for EPIRB, PLB, etc., Waterproofed):
Location and Maintenance:
- Stowage: The ditch bag should be stored in an easily accessible location, close to the companionway or in a designated emergency locker, so anyone can grab it quickly in an emergency.
- Familiarization: Ensure all crew members know the location of the ditch bag and its contents.
- Regular Checks: Inspect the ditch bag and its contents regularly (at least annually, or before significant voyages). Check expiration dates on flares, food, and medications. Test batteries in electronic devices and replace as needed. Ensure everything is in good working order and the bag remains waterproof.
A well-prepared and readily accessible emergency ditch bag can significantly improve your chances of survival in a maritime emergency. Take the time to assemble and maintain yours thoughtfully.
