Select Page

Moving about a boat at sea often results in a few knocks and bruises, but if a crew member has a fall or major bump and is in serious pain, they should be examined and treated accordingly. The risk of this happening can be reduced by keeping one hand holding the boat at all times and by keeping knees bent and weight low.

There are two kinds of fracture, open and closed.  An open fracture is where a broken bone has punctured the skin and is visible, whereas a closed fracture remains beneath the skin.  An open fracture carries a high risk of infection and the casualty will most likely suffer bleeding and shock.

Sprains, strains, dislocations and closed fractures have similar symptoms and if in doubt it is best to treat them all as a fracture and to immobilize the injured limb and make the casualty comfortable.

The signs and symptoms of a fracture are:

  • Swelling, bruising and deformity.
  • Pain.
  • Unnatural position.
  • Grinding sensation.
  • Difficulty in moving or leaning on the limb.
  • Shock.

open fracture at sea first aid    open fracture at sea first aid    open fracture at sea first aid

Treating a fracture:

  • Check for levels of response and breathing.
  • Control bleeding.
  • Cover open fractures with a sterile dressing
  • Gently straighten and support the limb.
  • Treat with painkillers.
  • Splint and support the limb with bandages to minimize movement. Splint an arm or leg to an uninjured part of the body. Splint a fractured finger to an adjacent finger.
  • Do not over tighten bandage, padding helps.
  • Apply a cold compress to closed fractures to reduce swelling.
  • Seek medical advice.
  • Monitor the casualty closely for swelling and signs of shock.

Head injury

The most common cause of head injury at sea is when a crew member gets hit by the boom. If this happens, the casualty should be examined straight away and you should send a MAYDAY immediately if the casualty has been knocked unconscious and is not responding. If the casualty quickly regains consciousness then assume they are suffering from concussion. Send out a PAN PAN and ask for medical help and the best course of action.

head injury first aid at sea    head injury first aid at sea

A blow to the head from the boom may result in a skull fracture or bleeding and might also cause a neck or spinal injury.  A fractured skull is a very dangerous injury and can occur even if the patient regains consciousness. The casualty needs urgent treatment ashore and immediate evacuation.

Watch for:

  • Signs of concussion, where casualty has been briefly knocked unconscious, followed by drowsiness, headache, loss of memory, double vision and dizziness.
  • Depression on the scalp, bruising around the eyes, bleeding from ear or nose.
  • Dilated or unequal pupil size.
  • Irregular breathing, with slow pulse, less than 60 beats per minute.
  • Flushed, dry skin.
  • Convulsions.
  • Deterioration, which might be gradual over several hours.

Treating a head injury:

  • Check for AVPU levels of response.
  • Check airway is clear if the casualty is unconscious.
  • Send a MAYDAY and seek immediate evacuation if the casualty is unconscious.
  • Send a PAN PAN and seek urgent medical advice if the casualty was knocked out but regained consciousness.
  • Monitor breathing, pulse, level of response and pupil sizes.
  • If the casualty is conscious, keep them awake but make sure they rest.
  • If the casualty is unconscious, place in the recovery position.

Competent crew skills: arriving and leaving a berth

Skilled boat handling is needed when entering or leaving harbour. Crew tasks include preparing the mooring lines and fenders before docking and...

Cutless bearing replacement

Cutless bearings can last for many years but if the propeller shaft is out of alignment they will wear through more quickly. If you have noticed a clunking sound when motoring then it could be a worn cutless bearing that is causing the problem.

Top five windvane self steering installation questions

Top five windvane self steering installation questions answered by Sarah Curry of Hydrovane International Marine, courtesy of Viki Moore from Island Cruising NZ

Tacking a sailing boat

Tacking is the sailing manoeuvre used to change a boat's direction through an oncoming wind. Tacking a sailing boat calls for the crew to work as a...

Passage planning and pilotage

Passage planning and pilotage help skippers navigate safely from one port to another. A passage plan takes into account all...

Essential Knots: Figure of eight

Essential Knots: Figure of eight Use: Stopper knot, prevents a rope from being pulled through a hole e.g. through a block or...

Understanding tide tables and tidal curves

There are many factors that influence local tidal patterns and it’s essential for every sailor to have a good understanding of tide tables and tidal charts to ensure they can calculate the level of tide at any given time.

Sailing at the touch of a button

Easier and more controlled sail handling can also be achieved by powering up a furling mast. I came across some interesting solutions at the Southampton Boat Show this week on the Selden Mast stand, where they were running demos of their E40i electric winch and SMF furling system.

Leaking decks

Leaking decks are perceived as a nuisance by some boat owners, but if leaks are ignored a much more serious situation may well be developing, especially in the case of boats with balsa or plywood deck cores. So deck leaks do need to be investigated and dealt with.

Liferafts

Liferafts should be stowed where they are ready for immediate launching. All crew should know the location of the liferaft and know how to launch, inflate and board it. They should also know what equipment it contains.

Navigation safety: a quick-reference mobile app to learn the ColRegs NavLights and Shapes

 Safety at SeaSafety at sea will always remains a topical and important subject that will no doubt dominate the syllabuses of nautical...

The VHF DSC Radio jargon buster

AIS - Automatic Identification System This system is used by shipping. It allows another vessel or coast station to use...

First Aid Afloat – fish spine injury

First Aid Afloat - Here is what to do if somebody stands on a fish spine: • Check for dangers. Is it safe for you to enter...

Steel and Aluminium Hulls

The two metals used for hull construction are steel and aluminium. These are both very strong materials and will last a long time as long as they are cared for, which primarily means protecting steel boats from rust and aluminium boats from electrolytic action.

DIY boat upgrades: Budget-friendly projects to enhance your (older!) boat

DIY projects that can enhance both the functionality and aesthetics of your boat. In this article, we’ll explore a variety of DIY boat upgrades that won’t break the bank but will significantly enhance your boating experience.

Wooden Hulls – Part 2

It is important to ensure the essential hull maintenance of a wooden boat is done, even if you are paying others to look after your boat for you. The priority is to prevent rot from taking hold. The protective layers of paint and varnish over wood are far more critical than on GRP boats, where the topsides are painted more for cosmetic reasons.

2023 Rolex Fastnet Race – Part 3

This is our third and final article about the 2023 Rolex Fastnet Race. It is a first hand account by Simon Jollands who was one of the crew of Lancelot II, a Beneteau First 40 skippered by John Gillard.

The give-way hierarchy – sail boats and power boats

Who gives way to who at sea? Even seasoned sailors sometimes get this wrong and in a crowded harbour this can easily lead to a collision or at best considerable embarrassment for a boat that mistakenly thinks it has right of way over another.

Fire prevention on boats

  Fire prevention on boats - common causes of fire: • Smoking below decks • Galley cookers • Build-up of butane or...

Sail care and maintenance – Part 1

When thinking about the care, maintenance and repair of sails it helps to have some understanding of the properties of the ever growing range of modern sailcloth and the fibres they are made from, as opposed to the traditional canvas sails of the past.

Electric motors and hybrid systems

In recent years there have been considerable advances with the development of electrically powered propulsion in the leisure marine sector. This includes developments with inboard and outboard electric motors, hybrid systems, lithium-ion battery technology as well as solar, wind and hydro powered generators.

Cleaning & polishing gelcoat topsides

The gelcoat topsides of a GRP boat can be pampered and restored to their former glory relatively easily when it is ashore. Gelcoat is only a very thin outer layer of the hull, often less than 1mm thick, so you should avoid cleaning it with highly abrasive cleaners, or an-ything that could potentially damage its surface.

How to trim a genoa sail

I recently had two new sails made by Sanders Sails, based in Lymington UK. The first to arrive was the new genoa and it took me a little while to get to know it and learn how to adjust it correctly. Here is an aide memoire for getting to know how to trim a genoa so that it will deliver the best performance.

Jester Challenge 2022 – Sailing single handed from Plymouth UK to the Azores: Getting to the Start

Jester Challenge – A modern experiment in old-fashioned self-reliance, self sufficiency, and personal responsibility. This is the start of a 10-part post where solo sailor, Bernie Branfield, shares his first hand account of his single-handed, 2022 Jester Challenge, from Plymouth, UK to the Azores, in his 26′ Invicta Mk2, Louisa.

Antifouling for leisure boats – Part 1

Boats that are kept afloat can very quickly become a home for small marine organisms such as barnacles, weed and slime. Applying an antifouling paint to your hull is necessary to protect it from these micro-organisms, as a fouled hull can cause problems and will slow down a boat’s maximum speed considerably if left unchecked.